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US capital gains calculator (all states)
New York taxes capital gains as ordinary income at state rates up to 10.9%. Federal law taxes long-term gains at 0%, 15%, or 20% and short-term gains as ordinary income up to 37%. New York stacks state ordinary income tax on the gain, with top rates around 10.9%. The 3.8% NIIT applies to net investment income when modified AGI exceeds $200,000 (single) or $250,000 (married filing jointly). Use a holding period of at least one year to access federal long-term rates where applicable.
2026-style federal + NIIT + flat state rate — educational only, not tax advice.
Short-term gains use ordinary federal brackets on top of your income. Long-term uses 0% / 15% / 20% bands stacked on taxable income.
Net proceeds after tax
$104,705
Sale price minus total tax (simplified).
Sale allocation (proportional to sale price)
| Income / situation | Federal rate | New York state | Combined (illustrative) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate income (LT) | 0% / 15% | Graduated | ~15–22% |
| Higher income (LT) | 15% / 20% | Higher brackets | ~22–30% |
| Top state + NIIT | 20% + 3.8% | Up to 10.9% | ~30%+ |
The federal Section 121 exclusion allows up to $250,000 in capital gains on a primary residence for single filers and $500,000 for married filing jointly when you meet ownership and use tests (2 of the last 5 years). This is a federal rule; check how New York conforms for state reporting.
| Income / scenario | Federal (LT) | New York state | Combined (illustrative) |
|---|---|---|---|
| $50,000 | 0–15% | Lower brackets | ~15–20% |
| $150,000 | 15% | Mid–high | ~22–28% |
| $250,000+ | 20% + NIIT | Up to 10.9% | ~30%+ |
Rental and investment property generally does not qualify for Section 121. Gains are subject to federal long-term or short-term treatment plus New York state tax on the gain. Federal depreciation recapture can be taxed at up to 25% on the recapture portion. Actual liability depends on basis, holding period, and other adjustments — this page is educational only.
| Item | Amount |
|---|---|
| Capital gain (LT) | $400,000 |
| Federal tax (15% example) | $60,000 |
| New York state tax (~9%) | $36,000 |
| Total estimated tax | ~$96,000 |
| Effective rate on gain | ~24% |
New York taxes capital gains as ordinary income at graduated state rates, with a top marginal rate up to 10.9%. Combined with federal long-term rates of 0%, 15%, or 20% (or ordinary rates for short-term gains), effective rates vary by income. The 3.8% federal NIIT may apply when modified AGI exceeds $200k single / $250k married filing jointly.
Federal long-term capital gains (assets held more than one year) are taxed at 0%, 15%, or 20% depending on taxable income and filing status. Short-term gains (held under one year) are taxed as ordinary federal income at rates from 10% to 37%.
Short-term gains are taxed as ordinary income at both the federal level (10%–37%) and the New York state level using the same ordinary income brackets, up to approximately 10.9% at the top of state rates.
The federal Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT) is 3.8% on the lesser of net investment income or the amount by which modified adjusted gross income exceeds $200,000 for single filers or $250,000 for married filing jointly.
The federal Section 121 exclusion ($250k single / $500k MFJ) applies for federal tax. State conformity varies; many states follow the federal exclusion for state returns, but you should confirm with New York tax guidance or a professional.
Short-term means you held the asset for less than one year before sale; long-term means a holding period of one year or more. Your holding period determines whether federal preferential long-term rates apply.
Educational estimates only. Not tax advice.